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Source code for galaxy.webapps.galaxy.api.tools

import logging
import os
from json import dumps, loads
from typing import Any, cast, Dict, Optional

from galaxy import exceptions, util, web
from galaxy.datatypes.data import get_params_and_input_name
from galaxy.managers.collections import DatasetCollectionManager
from galaxy.managers.collections_util import dictify_dataset_collection_instance
from galaxy.managers.hdas import HDAManager
from galaxy.managers.histories import HistoryManager
from galaxy.model import PostJobAction
from galaxy.tools.evaluation import global_tool_errors
from galaxy.util.zipstream import ZipstreamWrapper
from galaxy.web import (
    expose_api,
    expose_api_anonymous,
    expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless,
    expose_api_raw_anonymous_and_sessionless,
)
from galaxy.web.framework.decorators import expose_api_raw
from galaxy.webapps.base.controller import UsesVisualizationMixin
from galaxy.webapps.base.webapp import GalaxyWebTransaction
from . import BaseGalaxyAPIController, depends
from ._fetch_util import validate_and_normalize_targets

log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

# Do not allow these tools to be called directly - they (it) enforces extra security and
# provides access via a different API endpoint.
PROTECTED_TOOLS = ["__DATA_FETCH__"]
# Tool search bypasses the fulltext for the following list of terms
SEARCH_RESERVED_TERMS_FAVORITES = ['#favs', '#favorites', '#favourites']


[docs]class ToolsController(BaseGalaxyAPIController, UsesVisualizationMixin): """ RESTful controller for interactions with tools. """ history_manager: HistoryManager = depends(HistoryManager) hda_manager: HDAManager = depends(HDAManager) hdca_manager: DatasetCollectionManager = depends(DatasetCollectionManager)
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless def index(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, **kwds): """ GET /api/tools returns a list of tools defined by parameters :param in_panel: if true, tools are returned in panel structure, including sections and labels :param view: ToolBox view to apply (default is 'default') :param trackster: if true, only tools that are compatible with Trackster are returned :param q: if present search on the given query will be performed :param tool_id: if present the given tool_id will be searched for all installed versions """ # Read params. in_panel = util.string_as_bool(kwds.get('in_panel', 'True')) trackster = util.string_as_bool(kwds.get('trackster', 'False')) q = kwds.get('q', '') tool_id = kwds.get('tool_id', '') tool_help = util.string_as_bool(kwds.get('tool_help', 'False')) view = kwds.get("view", None) # Find whether to search. if q: if trans.user and q in SEARCH_RESERVED_TERMS_FAVORITES: if 'favorites' in trans.user.preferences: favorites = loads(trans.user.preferences['favorites']) hits = favorites['tools'] else: hits = None else: hits = self._search(q, view) results = [] if hits: for hit in hits: try: tool = self._get_tool(hit, user=trans.user) if tool: results.append(tool.id) except exceptions.AuthenticationFailed: pass except exceptions.ObjectNotFound: pass return results # Find whether to detect. if tool_id: detected_versions = self._detect(trans, tool_id) return detected_versions # Return everything. try: return self.app.toolbox.to_dict(trans, in_panel=in_panel, trackster=trackster, tool_help=tool_help, view=view) except exceptions.MessageException: raise except Exception: raise exceptions.InternalServerError("Error: Could not convert toolbox to dictionary")
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless def show(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id} Returns tool information parameters: io_details - if true, parameters and inputs are returned link_details - if true, hyperlink to the tool is returned tool_version - if provided return this tool version """ io_details = util.string_as_bool(kwd.get('io_details', False)) link_details = util.string_as_bool(kwd.get('link_details', False)) tool_version = kwd.get('tool_version') tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user, tool_version=tool_version) return tool.to_dict(trans, io_details=io_details, link_details=link_details)
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous def build(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/build Returns a tool model including dynamic parameters and updated values, repeats block etc. """ kwd = _kwd_or_payload(kwd) tool_version = kwd.get('tool_version') history_id = kwd.pop('history_id', None) history = None if history_id: history = self.history_manager.get_owned(self.decode_id(history_id), trans.user, current_history=trans.history) tool = self._get_tool(id, tool_version=tool_version, user=trans.user) return tool.to_json(trans, kwd.get('inputs', kwd), history=history)
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def test_data_path(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/test_data_path?tool_version={tool_version} """ kwd = _kwd_or_payload(kwd) tool_version = kwd.get('tool_version', None) tool = self._get_tool(id, tool_version=tool_version, user=trans.user) path = tool.test_data_path(kwd.get("filename")) if path: return path else: raise exceptions.ObjectNotFound("Specified test data path not found.")
[docs] @expose_api_raw_anonymous_and_sessionless def test_data_download(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/test_data_download?tool_version={tool_version}&filename={filename} """ tool_version = kwd.get('tool_version', None) tool = self._get_tool(id, tool_version=tool_version, user=trans.user) filename = kwd.get("filename") if filename is None: raise exceptions.ObjectNotFound("Test data filename not specified.") path = tool.test_data_path(filename) if path: if os.path.isfile(path): trans.response.headers["Content-Disposition"] = f'attachment; filename="{filename}"' return open(path, mode='rb') elif os.path.isdir(path): # Set upstream_mod_zip to false, otherwise tool data must be among allowed internal routes archive = ZipstreamWrapper( upstream_mod_zip=False, upstream_gzip=self.app.config.upstream_gzip, archive_name=filename, ) archive.write(path) trans.response.headers.update(archive.get_headers()) return archive.response() raise exceptions.ObjectNotFound("Specified test data path not found.")
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless def tests_summary(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/tests_summary Fetch summary information for each tool and version combination with tool tests defined. This summary information currently includes tool name and a count of the tests. Fetch complete test data for each tool with /api/tools/{tool_id}/test_data?tool_version=<tool_version> """ test_counts_by_tool: Dict[str, Dict] = {} for _id, tool in self.app.toolbox.tools(): if not tool.is_datatype_converter: tests = tool.tests if tests: if tool.id not in test_counts_by_tool: test_counts_by_tool[tool.id] = {} available_versions = test_counts_by_tool[tool.id] available_versions[tool.version] = { "tool_name": tool.name, "count": len(tests), } return test_counts_by_tool
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless def test_data(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/test_data?tool_version={tool_version} This API endpoint is unstable and experimental. In particular the format of the response has not been entirely nailed down (it exposes too many Galaxy internals/Pythonisms in a rough way). If this endpoint is being used from outside of scripts shipped with Galaxy let us know and please be prepared for the response from this API to change its format in some ways. If tool version is not passed, it is assumed to be latest. Tool version can be set as '*' to get tests for all configured versions. """ kwd = _kwd_or_payload(kwd) tool_version = kwd.get('tool_version', None) if tool_version == "*": tools = self.app.toolbox.get_tool(id, get_all_versions=True) for tool in tools: if not tool.allow_user_access(trans.user): raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(f"Access denied, please login for tool with id '{id}'.") else: tools = [self._get_tool(id, tool_version=tool_version, user=trans.user)] test_defs = [] for tool in tools: test_defs.extend([t.to_dict() for t in tool.tests]) return test_defs
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def reload(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/reload Reload specified tool. """ trans.app.queue_worker.send_control_task('reload_tool', noop_self=True, kwargs={'tool_id': id}) message, status = trans.app.toolbox.reload_tool_by_id(id) if status == 'error': raise exceptions.MessageException(message) return {'message': message}
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def all_requirements(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, **kwds): """ GET /api/tools/all_requirements Return list of unique requirements for all tools. """ return trans.app.toolbox.all_requirements
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def requirements(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/requirements Return the resolver status for a specific tool id. [{"status": "installed", "name": "hisat2", "versionless": false, "resolver_type": "conda", "version": "2.0.3", "type": "package"}] """ tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user) return tool.tool_requirements_status
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def install_dependencies(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): """ POST /api/tools/{tool_id}/dependencies This endpoint is also available through POST /api/tools/{tool_id}/install_dependencies, but will be deprecated in the future. Attempts to install requirements via the dependency resolver parameters: index: index of dependency resolver to use when installing dependency. Defaults to using the highest ranking resolver resolver_type: Use the dependency resolver of this resolver_type to install dependency. build_dependency_cache: If true, attempts to cache dependencies for this tool force_rebuild: If true and cache dir exists, attempts to delete cache dir """ tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user) tool._view.install_dependencies(tool.requirements, **kwds) if kwds.get('build_dependency_cache'): tool.build_dependency_cache(**kwds) # TODO: rework resolver install system to log and report what has been done. # _view.install_dependencies should return a dict with stdout, stderr and success status return tool.tool_requirements_status
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def uninstall_dependencies(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): """ DELETE /api/tools/{tool_id}/dependencies Attempts to uninstall requirements via the dependency resolver parameters: index: index of dependency resolver to use when installing dependency. Defaults to using the highest ranking resolver resolver_type: Use the dependency resolver of this resolver_type to install dependency """ tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user) tool._view.uninstall_dependencies(requirements=tool.requirements, **kwds) # TODO: rework resolver install system to log and report what has been done. return tool.tool_requirements_status
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def build_dependency_cache(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): """ POST /api/tools/{tool_id}/build_dependency_cache Attempts to cache installed dependencies. parameters: force_rebuild: If true and chache dir exists, attempts to delete cache dir """ tool = self._get_tool(id) tool.build_dependency_cache(**kwds) # TODO: Should also have a more meaningful return. return tool.tool_requirements_status
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def diagnostics(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/{tool_id}/diagnostics Return diagnostic information to help debug panel and dependency related problems. """ # TODO: Move this into tool. def to_dict(x): return x.to_dict() tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user) if hasattr(tool, 'lineage'): lineage_dict = tool.lineage.to_dict() else: lineage_dict = None tool_shed_dependencies = tool.installed_tool_dependencies tool_shed_dependencies_dict: Optional[list] = None if tool_shed_dependencies: tool_shed_dependencies_dict = list(map(to_dict, tool_shed_dependencies)) return { "tool_id": tool.id, "tool_version": tool.version, "dependency_shell_commands": tool.build_dependency_shell_commands(), "lineage": lineage_dict, "requirements": list(map(to_dict, tool.requirements)), "installed_tool_shed_dependencies": tool_shed_dependencies_dict, "tool_dir": tool.tool_dir, "tool_shed": tool.tool_shed, "repository_name": tool.repository_name, "repository_owner": tool.repository_owner, "installed_changeset_revision": None, "guid": tool.guid, }
def _detect(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, tool_id): """ Detect whether the tool with the given id is installed. :param tool_id: exact id of the tool :type tool_id: str :return: list with available versions "return type: list """ tools = self.app.toolbox.get_tool(tool_id, get_all_versions=True) detected_versions = [] if tools: for tool in tools: if tool and tool.allow_user_access(trans.user): detected_versions.append(tool.version) return detected_versions def _search(self, q, view): """ Perform the search on the given query. Boosts and numer of results are configurable in galaxy.ini file. :param q: the query to search with :type q: str :return: Dictionary containing the tools' ids of the best hits. :return type: dict """ panel_view = view or self.app.config.default_panel_view tool_name_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_name_boost', 9) tool_id_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_id_boost', 9) tool_section_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_section_boost', 3) tool_description_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_description_boost', 2) tool_label_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_label_boost', 1) tool_stub_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_stub_boost', 5) tool_help_boost = self.app.config.get('tool_help_boost', 0.5) tool_search_limit = self.app.config.get('tool_search_limit', 20) tool_enable_ngram_search = self.app.config.get('tool_enable_ngram_search', False) tool_ngram_minsize = self.app.config.get('tool_ngram_minsize', 3) tool_ngram_maxsize = self.app.config.get('tool_ngram_maxsize', 4) results = self.app.toolbox_search.search(q=q, panel_view=panel_view, tool_name_boost=tool_name_boost, tool_id_boost=tool_id_boost, tool_section_boost=tool_section_boost, tool_description_boost=tool_description_boost, tool_label_boost=tool_label_boost, tool_stub_boost=tool_stub_boost, tool_help_boost=tool_help_boost, tool_search_limit=tool_search_limit, tool_enable_ngram_search=tool_enable_ngram_search, tool_ngram_minsize=tool_ngram_minsize, tool_ngram_maxsize=tool_ngram_maxsize) return results
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless def citations(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user) rval = [] for citation in tool.citations: rval.append(citation.to_dict('bibtex')) return rval
[docs] @expose_api def conversion(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, tool_id, payload, **kwd): converter = self._get_tool(tool_id, user=trans.user) target_type = payload.get("target_type") source_type = payload.get("source_type") input_src = payload.get("src") input_id = payload.get("id") # List of string of dependencies try: deps = trans.app.datatypes_registry.converter_deps[source_type][target_type] except KeyError: deps = {} # Generate parameter dictionary params, input_name = get_params_and_input_name(converter, deps) params = {} # determine input parameter name and add to params params[input_name] = { "values": [ { "id": input_id, "src": input_src, } ], "batch": input_src == "hdca", } history_id = payload.get('history_id') if history_id: decoded_id = self.decode_id(history_id) target_history = self.history_manager.get_owned(decoded_id, trans.user, current_history=trans.history) else: if input_src == "hdca": target_history = self.hdca_manager.get_dataset_collection_instance(trans, instance_type='history', id=input_id).history elif input_src == "hda": decoded_id = trans.app.security.decode_id(input_id) target_history = self.hda_manager.get_accessible(decoded_id, trans.user).history self.history_manager.error_unless_owner(target_history, trans.user, current_history=trans.history) else: raise exceptions.RequestParameterInvalidException("Must run conversion on either hdca or hda.") # Make the target datatype available to the converter params['__target_datatype__'] = target_type vars = converter.handle_input(trans, params, history=target_history) return self._handle_inputs_output_to_api_response(trans, converter, target_history, vars)
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous_and_sessionless def xrefs(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user) return tool.xrefs
[docs] @web.require_admin @web.legacy_expose_api_raw def download(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): tool_tarball = trans.app.toolbox.package_tool(trans, id) trans.response.set_content_type('application/x-gzip') download_file = open(tool_tarball, "rb") trans.response.headers["Content-Disposition"] = f'attachment; filename="{id}.tgz"' return download_file
[docs] @expose_api_raw def raw_tool_source(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, id, **kwds): """Returns tool source. ``language`` is included in the response header.""" if not trans.app.config.enable_tool_source_display and not trans.user_is_admin: raise exceptions.InsufficientPermissionsException("Only administrators may display tool sources on this Galaxy server.") tool = self._get_tool(id, user=trans.user, tool_version=kwds.get('tool_version')) trans.response.headers['language'] = tool.tool_source.language return tool.tool_source.to_string()
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous def fetch(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, payload, **kwd): """Adapt clean API to tool-constrained API. """ request_version = '1' if "history_id" not in payload: raise exceptions.RequestParameterMissingException("history_id must be specified") history_id = payload.pop("history_id") clean_payload = {} files_payload = {} for key, value in payload.items(): if key == "key": continue if key.startswith('files_') or key.startswith('__files_'): files_payload[key] = value continue clean_payload[key] = value validate_and_normalize_targets(trans, clean_payload) clean_payload["check_content"] = trans.app.config.check_upload_content request = dumps(clean_payload) create_payload = { 'tool_id': "__DATA_FETCH__", 'history_id': history_id, 'inputs': { 'request_version': request_version, 'request_json': request, 'file_count': str(len(files_payload)) }, } create_payload.update(files_payload) return self._create(trans, create_payload, **kwd)
[docs] @web.require_admin @expose_api def error_stack(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, **kwd): """ GET /api/tools/error_stack Returns global tool error stack """ return global_tool_errors.error_stack
[docs] @expose_api_anonymous def create(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, payload, **kwd): """ POST /api/tools Execute tool with a given parameter payload :param input_format: input format for the payload. Possible values are the default 'legacy' (where inputs nested inside conditionals or repeats are identified with e.g. '<conditional_name>|<input_name>') or '21.01' (where inputs inside conditionals or repeats are nested elements). :type input_format: str """ tool_id = payload.get("tool_id") tool_uuid = payload.get("tool_uuid") if tool_id in PROTECTED_TOOLS: raise exceptions.RequestParameterInvalidException(f"Cannot execute tool [{tool_id}] directly, must use alternative endpoint.") if tool_id is None and tool_uuid is None: raise exceptions.RequestParameterInvalidException("Must specify a valid tool_id to use this endpoint.") return self._create(trans, payload, **kwd)
def _create(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, payload, **kwd): if trans.user_is_bootstrap_admin: raise exceptions.RealUserRequiredException("Only real users can execute tools or run jobs.") action = payload.get('action') if action == 'rerun': raise Exception("'rerun' action has been deprecated") # Get tool. tool_version = payload.get('tool_version') tool_id = payload.get('tool_id') tool_uuid = payload.get('tool_uuid') get_kwds = dict( tool_id=tool_id, tool_uuid=tool_uuid, tool_version=tool_version, ) if tool_id is None and tool_uuid is None: raise exceptions.RequestParameterMissingException("Must specify either a tool_id or a tool_uuid.") tool = trans.app.toolbox.get_tool(**get_kwds) if not tool: log.debug(f"Not found tool with kwds [{get_kwds}]") raise exceptions.ToolMissingException('Tool not found.') if not tool.allow_user_access(trans.user): raise exceptions.ItemAccessibilityException('Tool not accessible.') if trans.app.config.user_activation_on: if not trans.user: log.warning("Anonymous user attempts to execute tool, but account activation is turned on.") elif not trans.user.active: log.warning(f"User \"{trans.user.email}\" attempts to execute tool, but account activation is turned on and user account is not active.") # Set running history from payload parameters. # History not set correctly as part of this API call for # dataset upload. history_id = payload.get('history_id') if history_id: decoded_id = self.decode_id(history_id) target_history = self.history_manager.get_owned(decoded_id, trans.user, current_history=trans.history) else: target_history = None # Set up inputs. inputs = payload.get('inputs', {}) if not isinstance(inputs, dict): raise exceptions.RequestParameterInvalidException(f"inputs invalid {inputs}") # Find files coming in as multipart file data and add to inputs. for k, v in payload.items(): if k.startswith('files_') or k.startswith('__files_'): inputs[k] = v # for inputs that are coming from the Library, copy them into the history self._patch_library_inputs(trans, inputs, target_history) # TODO: encode data ids and decode ids. # TODO: handle dbkeys params = util.Params(inputs, sanitize=False) incoming = params.__dict__ # use_cached_job can be passed in via the top-level payload or among the tool inputs. # I think it should be a top-level parameter, but because the selector is implemented # as a regular tool parameter we accept both. use_cached_job = payload.get('use_cached_job', False) or util.string_as_bool(inputs.get('use_cached_job', 'false')) input_format = str(payload.get('input_format', 'legacy')) vars = tool.handle_input(trans, incoming, history=target_history, use_cached_job=use_cached_job, input_format=input_format) new_pja_flush = False for job in vars.get('jobs', []): if inputs.get('send_email_notification', False): # Unless an anonymous user is invoking this via the API it # should never be an option, but check and enforce that here if trans.user is None: raise exceptions.ToolExecutionError("Anonymously run jobs cannot send an email notification.") else: job_email_action = PostJobAction('EmailAction') job.add_post_job_action(job_email_action) new_pja_flush = True if new_pja_flush: trans.sa_session.flush() return self._handle_inputs_output_to_api_response(trans, tool, target_history, vars) def _handle_inputs_output_to_api_response(self, trans, tool, target_history, vars): # TODO: check for errors and ensure that output dataset(s) are available. output_datasets = vars.get('out_data', []) rval: Dict[str, Any] = {'outputs': [], 'output_collections': [], 'jobs': [], 'implicit_collections': []} rval['produces_entry_points'] = tool.produces_entry_points job_errors = vars.get('job_errors', []) if job_errors: # If we are here - some jobs were successfully executed but some failed. rval['errors'] = job_errors outputs = rval['outputs'] # TODO:?? poss. only return ids? for output_name, output in output_datasets: output_dict = output.to_dict() # add the output name back into the output data structure # so it's possible to figure out which newly created elements # correspond with which tool file outputs output_dict['output_name'] = output_name outputs.append(trans.security.encode_dict_ids(output_dict, skip_startswith="metadata_")) for job in vars.get('jobs', []): rval['jobs'].append(self.encode_all_ids(trans, job.to_dict(view='collection'), recursive=True)) for output_name, collection_instance in vars.get('output_collections', []): history = target_history or trans.history output_dict = dictify_dataset_collection_instance( collection_instance, security=trans.security, url_builder=trans.url_builder, parent=history, ) output_dict['output_name'] = output_name rval['output_collections'].append(output_dict) for output_name, collection_instance in vars.get('implicit_collections', {}).items(): history = target_history or trans.history output_dict = dictify_dataset_collection_instance( collection_instance, security=trans.security, url_builder=trans.url_builder, parent=history, ) output_dict['output_name'] = output_name rval['implicit_collections'].append(output_dict) return rval def _patch_library_inputs(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, inputs, target_history): """ Transform inputs from the data library to history items. """ for k, v in inputs.items(): new_value = self._patch_library_dataset(trans, v, target_history) if new_value: v = new_value elif isinstance(v, dict) and 'values' in v: for index, value in enumerate(v['values']): patched = self._patch_library_dataset(trans, value, target_history) if patched: v['values'][index] = patched inputs[k] = v def _patch_library_dataset(self, trans: GalaxyWebTransaction, v, target_history): if isinstance(v, dict) and 'id' in v and v.get('src') == 'ldda': ldda = trans.sa_session.query(trans.app.model.LibraryDatasetDatasetAssociation).get(self.decode_id(v['id'])) if trans.user_is_admin or trans.app.security_agent.can_access_dataset(trans.get_current_user_roles(), ldda.dataset): return ldda.to_history_dataset_association(target_history, add_to_history=True) # # -- Helper methods -- # def _get_tool(self, id, tool_version=None, user=None): tool = self.app.toolbox.get_tool(id, tool_version) if not tool: raise exceptions.ObjectNotFound(f"Could not find tool with id '{id}'.") if not tool.allow_user_access(user): raise exceptions.AuthenticationFailed(f"Access denied, please login for tool with id '{id}'.") return tool
def _kwd_or_payload(kwd: Dict[str, Any]) -> Dict[str, Any]: if 'payload' in kwd: kwd = cast(Dict[str, Any], kwd.get('payload')) return kwd